Lab 2a - Dissecting a Cell and Examining its Components, August 25, 2014
Purpose -
Which positive indicator tests are for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
Materials List -
eggs
beaker, 250 mL
white vinegar
plastic wrap
slotted spoon
sodium chloride
distilled water
beaker, 100 mL
pipets, 5 mL
pipet pump, green
tubes, glass, 13x100 mm
peg racks for 13x100 mm tubes
glucose (dextrose)
Benedict's Solution
hot plate stirrer
test tube holder
starch, soluble
Lugol's Iodine Solution
vortex mixer
gelatin
sodium hydroxide
cupric sulfate 5-hydrate
oil
Sudan IV Solution
scalpel handles, #4
scalpel blades #22, for #4 handles
trays, plastic
Procedure -
Part 1: Separating Cell Structures -
1. Put uncooked egg into beaker containing white vinegar and label/cover in plastic wrap. leave for 1 to 2 days, shell should dissolve.
2. Carefully pick up egg after the time passed with the slotted spoon and rinse to remove vinegar. What has the chemical reaction done to egg? (reactant/product)
3. Feel the cell's outer membranes, the membrane not around the yolk shows a good model of a cell membrane. Place egg in beaker of 5% NaCL solution for 1 day, describe result. After rinse the egg, describe appearance.
4. Rinse egg again and place into a beaker of distilled water for 1 day. After, describe the egg's appearance.
5. Gently slice open egg's membranes to retrieve egg cell and let egg white drip through the slots of spoon into 100-mL beaker.
6. Put egg yolk into another beaker, and place egg membranes aside.
Part 2: Testing Standard Solutions -
1. Mix 2 mL of a glucose solution with 2 mL of Benedict's solution and heat for 2 minutes in hot bath (100 mL of water in a 250 mL beaker at 100 degrees C).
2. Mix 2 mL deionized water with 2 mL of Benedict's Solution and heat for 2 minutes in hot bath (100 mL of water in a 250 mL beaker at 100 degrees C).
3. Mix 2 mL mixed starch suspension with 0.25 Lugol's Iodine. Without heating, mix gently.
4. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 0.25 mL of Logol's Iodine. Again mix without heating.
5. Put 2 mL of gelatin in test tube and add 1 ml of biuret and mix.
6. Place 2 mL deionized water into test tube and add 1 ml of biuret to mix.
7. Place 2 ml of oil and add 60 microliters of sudan solution to mix.
8. Place 2 ml deionized water and add 60 microliters of sudan solution and mix.
Part 3: Molecular Composition of Egg Components -
1. Conduct tests as in part 2 but substitute egg to be tested for sugar, starch, protein, or fat.
2. Record results.
3. Give numerical value to the results and brief description.
Data/Results -
Part 1: Day 1 -
We put the egg in vinegar
Part 1: Day 2 -
Shell is dissolved, egg is translucent. We then put the egg into salt water.
Part 1: Day 3 -
Water had entered the inside of the egg and the salt stayed on the outside. When we ruptured the outside of the egg with the scalpel the egg burst with one cut and everything spilled out.
Part 2: Day 1 -
We tested for glucose, starch, protein, and fat
Which positive indicator tests are for proteins, carbohydrates, and fats?
Materials List -
eggs
beaker, 250 mL
white vinegar
plastic wrap
slotted spoon
sodium chloride
distilled water
beaker, 100 mL
pipets, 5 mL
pipet pump, green
tubes, glass, 13x100 mm
peg racks for 13x100 mm tubes
glucose (dextrose)
Benedict's Solution
hot plate stirrer
test tube holder
starch, soluble
Lugol's Iodine Solution
vortex mixer
gelatin
sodium hydroxide
cupric sulfate 5-hydrate
oil
Sudan IV Solution
scalpel handles, #4
scalpel blades #22, for #4 handles
trays, plastic
Procedure -
Part 1: Separating Cell Structures -
1. Put uncooked egg into beaker containing white vinegar and label/cover in plastic wrap. leave for 1 to 2 days, shell should dissolve.
2. Carefully pick up egg after the time passed with the slotted spoon and rinse to remove vinegar. What has the chemical reaction done to egg? (reactant/product)
3. Feel the cell's outer membranes, the membrane not around the yolk shows a good model of a cell membrane. Place egg in beaker of 5% NaCL solution for 1 day, describe result. After rinse the egg, describe appearance.
4. Rinse egg again and place into a beaker of distilled water for 1 day. After, describe the egg's appearance.
5. Gently slice open egg's membranes to retrieve egg cell and let egg white drip through the slots of spoon into 100-mL beaker.
6. Put egg yolk into another beaker, and place egg membranes aside.
Part 2: Testing Standard Solutions -
1. Mix 2 mL of a glucose solution with 2 mL of Benedict's solution and heat for 2 minutes in hot bath (100 mL of water in a 250 mL beaker at 100 degrees C).
2. Mix 2 mL deionized water with 2 mL of Benedict's Solution and heat for 2 minutes in hot bath (100 mL of water in a 250 mL beaker at 100 degrees C).
3. Mix 2 mL mixed starch suspension with 0.25 Lugol's Iodine. Without heating, mix gently.
4. Mix 2 mL of deionized water with 0.25 mL of Logol's Iodine. Again mix without heating.
5. Put 2 mL of gelatin in test tube and add 1 ml of biuret and mix.
6. Place 2 mL deionized water into test tube and add 1 ml of biuret to mix.
7. Place 2 ml of oil and add 60 microliters of sudan solution to mix.
8. Place 2 ml deionized water and add 60 microliters of sudan solution and mix.
Part 3: Molecular Composition of Egg Components -
1. Conduct tests as in part 2 but substitute egg to be tested for sugar, starch, protein, or fat.
2. Record results.
3. Give numerical value to the results and brief description.
Data/Results -
Part 1: Day 1 -
We put the egg in vinegar
Part 1: Day 2 -
Shell is dissolved, egg is translucent. We then put the egg into salt water.
Part 1: Day 3 -
Water had entered the inside of the egg and the salt stayed on the outside. When we ruptured the outside of the egg with the scalpel the egg burst with one cut and everything spilled out.
Part 2: Day 1 -
We tested for glucose, starch, protein, and fat
Part 3: Day 1 -
Instead of the substances in part 2 we had to substitute these with the three egg components from Part 1. These were our results for positive and negative indicators and how strongly their color showed:
Instead of the substances in part 2 we had to substitute these with the three egg components from Part 1. These were our results for positive and negative indicators and how strongly their color showed:
Data Analysis -
The chemical nature of the egg resulted in various ways. The egg whites tested positive for all indicators, strong in starch and protein and weak in glucose and lipids. The egg yolk was recorded to test weakly against all of the components, and the egg membrane tested positive for all of the tests. The egg membrane tested weakly in glucose and starch, but strong in protein and fat. An error could have been using the wrong pipet or not using the right temperature in the hot bath. Alternative experiments could be indicator testing the egg for different substances. Future jobs like drug testing, insulin for diabetes, etc, are examples of molecular testing.
Reflection -
I found this lab very complicated at first yet informational and useful. My partner and I struggled some times but we got through the experiment in the end. We collaborated fine, except the fact of finding the right pipets in the container took awhile and having to use a different test tube for each indicator was irritating to a low degree. Next time i would take better observations and stay more focused on the directions. In the long run the lab was enjoyable.
The chemical nature of the egg resulted in various ways. The egg whites tested positive for all indicators, strong in starch and protein and weak in glucose and lipids. The egg yolk was recorded to test weakly against all of the components, and the egg membrane tested positive for all of the tests. The egg membrane tested weakly in glucose and starch, but strong in protein and fat. An error could have been using the wrong pipet or not using the right temperature in the hot bath. Alternative experiments could be indicator testing the egg for different substances. Future jobs like drug testing, insulin for diabetes, etc, are examples of molecular testing.
Reflection -
I found this lab very complicated at first yet informational and useful. My partner and I struggled some times but we got through the experiment in the end. We collaborated fine, except the fact of finding the right pipets in the container took awhile and having to use a different test tube for each indicator was irritating to a low degree. Next time i would take better observations and stay more focused on the directions. In the long run the lab was enjoyable.